Cells are divided into two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

• Prokaryotic Cells: These are simple, small cells without a nucleus. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.
• Eukaryotic Cells: These cells have a nucleus and other specialized structures called organelles. Plants, animals, fungi, and protists are made of eukaryotic cells.

Key Cell Components

1. Cell Membrane: A lipid bilayer that separates the cell from its environment and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
2. Nucleus: The control center of the cell, housing DNA.
3. Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.
4. Chloroplasts (in plants): The site of photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
6. Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

Cell Function

Cells perform a variety of functions necessary for the survival and growth of organisms. These include metabolism, energy conversion, response to environmental signals, and reproduction.

Cell Reproduction

Cells reproduce through processes such as mitosis (for growth and repair in multicellular organisms) and meiosis (for sexual reproduction).